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Identifier	Thesis 2125
Author	Rafiq, Fahd, 1980-
Title	United States - Pakistan relations: the formative phase (1947-1954)
Publisher	Central Connecticut State University
Date	2010
Resource Type	Master's Thesis
Notes	After the attacks on September 11th, 2001, the United States, under the Bush administration, declared a “war on terror” against al-Qa’ida and its affiliates. The “war on terror” tested Washington’s alliances with certain countries around the world, but nowhere was that test more difficult than with Pakistan. Pakistan, under General Pervez Musharraf, joined the “war on terror” and facilitated America’s quick victory in Afghanistan, but in recent years the United States accused Pakistan of harboring Taliban insurgents and reneging on dismantling domestic militant groups fighting in Kashmir against India. In 2002, under intense pressure from the United States and enticement of material rewards, Pervez Musharraf vowed to reverse the Pak-military establishment’s policy of nurturing militant groups. Almost nine years after the United States with its NATO allies launched Operation Enduring Freedom against the Afghan Taliban, the present geopolitical fissures continue to deepen and the Afghan insurgency continues unabated. The moniker of “trust deficit” persists when it comes to United States-Pakistan (US-Pak) relations. To understand recent troubles in US-Pak relations, this thesis examines the past. Unbeknownst to most Americans and Pakistanis today, the United States and Pakistan signed a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (MDAA) on May 19th, 1954. This essay attempts a historical case-study of United States-Pakistan relations in the formative phase (1947-1955), how and why it came to fruition in the 1950s. It exposes Pakistan’s foreign policy precepts in seeking an alliance with the United States. It also reveals the reasoning behind the United State’s decision to provide military and economic assistance to Pakistan. For Pakistan the purpose was to gain military parity with archrival India. For the United States, Pakistan was perceived as a cog in the “Northern Tier” alliance that 6 culminated in the Baghdad Pact (1955), a regional alliance to contain Soviet influence in the Middle East consisting of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. This essay emphasizes the ramifications of the alliance on Pakistan’s state construction, political processes, and its political economy. It hypothesizes that this alliance strengthened the non-elected civil bureaucracy and the military establishment in Pakistan. The clientalship that emerged between Pakistan and the United States enabled authoritarianism and economic-praetorianism in Pakistan by enhancing the institutional stature of the mandarins and the praetorian guard. The methodology encompasses a review of historical and contemporary literature that amplifies the background of Pakistan and the great power rivalries that affected the greater Middle East. A survey questionnaire was conducted at three universities in Lahore, Pakistan, to obtain feedback. Analysis of survey findings coupled with personal empirical observations by the researcher mostly substantiate conclusions drawn from the literature review section.
Subject	Politics and war United States--Foreign relations--Pakistan Pakistan--Foreign relations--United States
Department	Department of International and Area Studies
Advisor	El-Eid, Ghassan
Type	Text
Digital Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
OCLC number	706475443
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