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Scotland - a nation once again : a historical analysis of Scottish nationalism : road to devolution / Michelle M. Malinowski

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Identifier	Thesis 1604
Author	Malinowski, Michelle M
Title	Scotland - a nation once again : a historical analysis of Scottish nationalism : road to devolution / Michelle M. Malinowski
Publisher	Central Connecticut State University
Date	2000
Resource Type	Master's Thesis
Notes	The democratic way in which the Scots pressed for more say in their own affairs is an object lesson in constitutional politics. On September 11, 1997 the voting booth and ballot box were the weapons the Scots used to attain Home Rule and the return of their first Parliament that they had been desiring for nearly three hundred years. The Scottish national movement is not built on ethnicity, religious beliefs, anti-English sentiments or oppression by a ruling elite but the single desire for democracy based on what the Scots perceived as legislative neglect on the part of the Westminster Parliament. The feelings of legislative neglect coupled with periods of economic distress are the motivating forces behind the increase of Scottish nationalism in the last century. Scottish nationalism was dormant at times, yet always in the hearts and minds of the Scots, laying in wait only to rise up when called upon. The Scots have expressed their desire for constitutional reforms calmly and consistently over a period of decades. The very fabric of Scottish society is its distinctive structural heritage; its legal system, educational system, its social and cultural and religious traditions. A Scottish Parliament is the means of taking back control over their domestic affairs, from London, a government which few Scots have voted for in the last two decades. With the opening of the Scottish Parliament on July 1, 1999, Scotland became "A Nation Once Again". "Home Rule" is a political slogan first used by the Irish nationalists in the nineteenth century to describe their basic objective of self-government for Ireland. The term has since been adopted by the Scots. Home Rule for Scotland within the United Kingdom is an idea with a long lineage. For many Scots, Home Rule is as old as the Treaty of Union of 1707 when the last Scottish Parliament was dissolve and the country's independence was abandoned. The Treaty was a rational Scottish strategy for dealing with a European environment where smaller political units were at a growing disadvantage in the race for colonies, wealth and power in the early eighteen century. The Scots entered the union in what they thought was an equal partnership, however over time the English made it clear that the Scots were junior partners at best. For the English, Scotland was seen as a potential liability to England's national security and stability. By sharing a common border, Scotland was seen as a stepping stone to England's continental foes, particularly Catholic France. England secured her northern border and the Scots received much needed access to foreign markets, a political deal that benefited both parties. During the nineteenth century Scottish nationalism was unionist as the Scots continued to benefit and enjoy the economic fruits the British Empire and union had to offer. Scotland provided a vastly disproportionate share of its military and colonial officers, and its industrialists, engineers, financiers and politicians to the Empire. By the end of World War II, the British Empire was slowly fading into the sunset. It was only then that the idea of Scotland reclaiming her independence began to take root. The irony is that Scottish nationalism never developed as a passionate mass movement, like England's problem child, Ireland. There have been no underground armies or separatist terrorists; no campaigns of civil disobedience aimed at unseating a government. Scottish nationalism became transformed into a separatist and constitutional nationalism verses a violent, revolutionary nationalism displayed by the Irish. Scottish nationalism gained momentum in the 1980s as the European Union became a more plausible alternative to the British union and the Conservative policies of Thatcherism invaded Scotland. The realization of Home Rule for Scotland in 1999 is perhaps the first revolution conducted by committees of lawyers, clergymen and accountants rather than radicals, and achieved without a drop of blood. The principle cause of Scottish dissatisfaction is the awareness that self-determination of some constitutional kind, be it devolution, some form of federal government is better than rule from London. On September 11, 1997, Scotland voted overwhelmingly to establish a legislature of its own and in effect bring about devolution of powers from London to Edinburgh. Many Scots saw the Devolution Referendum of 1997 as a natural culmination of a long struggle for independence in the face of what many Scots perceive as oppression, indifference and even scorn on the part of England. The decisive result of the referendum in favor of devolution is an expression of nationalist sentiment and the modern day equivalent of a nationalist victory on the battlefield. Scottish nationalists have employed the word not the sword to free Scotland from the Westminster Parliament. In 1998, the Scotland Bill was introduced to Parliament. It was the thirty-fourth attempt at legislating for Home Rule since 1889 and it succeeded. The first Scottish Parliament in almost three hundred years was elected on May 6, 1999. The elections were the culmination of this "quiet revolution". However, for some Scots that victory was bittersweet, they believe that in promoting devolution, Labour's Prime Minister Tony Blair is hoping to defuse calls for Scottish independence and to continue to keep Scotland an "invisible nation" within the United Kingdom. The Scottish National Party has vowed to continue the battle for Scotland's "Independence in Europe". Scotland is now moving out of England's shadow to take its place as an autonomous nation in Europe.
Subject	Scotland -- Politics and government -- 20th century Home rule -- Scotland
Department	Department of History
Advisor	Williams, Louise Blakeney
Type	Text
Digital Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
OCLC number	45278009
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Scotland - a nation once again : a historical analysis of Scottish nationalism : road to devolution / Michelle M. Malinowski

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