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Home CCSU Theses & Dissertations Liberation theology : politics and religion in Latin America / Mark Ryan Mancini

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Liberation theology : politics and religion in Latin America / Mark Ryan Mancini

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Identifier	Thesis 1498
Author	Mancini, Mark Ryan
Title	Liberation theology : politics and religion in Latin America / Mark Ryan Mancini
Publisher	Central Connecticut State University
Date	1997
Resource Type	Master's Thesis
Notes	This thesis represents an analysis of the evolution of liberation theology beginning with its basic philosophical tenets continuing into its role as a social and political movement in Latin America. Since the early 1960's liberation theology has played an integral role in Latin American politics and societies. This ranges from the plight of Chilean polities after the election and subsequent overthrow of Salvador Allende to the internal strife found in nations such ad El Salvador, Nicaragua and Peru. This thesis addresses a number of these conflicts as part of an overall study to determine the root causes and consequences of liberation theology. Since its inception in Lima, Peru liberation theology has served as a source of international conflict. Its association with the political left has rendered it a friend of communism and foe of capitalism. Yet, in reality it is neither. In its loose interpretation liberation theology may be defined simply as a reassessment of the role that the Catholic Church maintains in the lives and societies of its followers. Research on the subject has demonstrated, however, that liberation theology extends far beyond the reach of any particular religious institution. It extends into social, political and economic structures. Liberation theology questions the very foundations on which societies are built. This resulted in the rallying of support and criticism from many individuals and groups around the globe. Even within the Catholic Church there is striking division between its supporters and critics. Therefore, liberation theology is a subject that must be explored, both in terms of its development and its role in social and political institutions. Liberation theology encompasses two main factors; theology and praxis. The theology factor is based upon the philosophical role of the Church in society. Meanwhile, praxis is defined as the practice or behavior of individuals acting on behalf on their belief systems. Praxis often involves revolutionary action on behalf of the poor and oppressed populations. It is praxis that is likely the most controversial aspect of liberation theology. This is because praxis has historically resulted in violence. It is in the book entitled The Power of the Poor in History that Gustavo Gutierrez, the father of liberation theology, presents the definition and connection between theology and praxis. Liberation theology is an immensely complex subject that is sometimes even difficult for the well-read to understand. This is why I have research a large quantity of pertinent and marginal documents related to the subject. This documentation includes books by liberation theologians and historians, periodical articles and web sites, and archives from religious orders active in the region. I also conducted an interview with a Maryknoll sister who worked in Latin America; she is to remain unnamed. Especially important to my research were the two following texts: Liberation Theology at the Crossroads by Paul Sigmund and Liberation Theology by Phillip Berryman. Both of these writers spent time in Latin America and take an academic approach in their analysis. This is of particular importance in this subject which many North American critics treat as simple religious radicalism rather than the complex movement that truly it is. This thesis begins with an introduction to the history of liberation theology and the unique circumstances in Latin America that has made it so popular. This is followed by an in-depth presentation of definitions and theological discussions by some of liberation theology's most noted contributors. Following this I present descriptive case studies of the role of liberation theology in revolutionary movements in Columbia, El Salvador and Nicaragua. These case studies contribute significantly towards an understanding of the subject and also provide realistic examples of what may otherwise be reduced to a discussion of theory and ideology. At this point is what I believe to be most important to liberation theology. It is an analysis of the historical, demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic conditions which are prevalent in much of Latin America. Following this is a comprehensive analysis of religious orders active in Latin America. Specifically, I present information regarding the Maryknoll order who I believe has a major impact on liberation theology in the region. Finally, the thesis comes to an end with a look into the criticisms and future role of liberation theology. The presentation and analysis in this thesis will provide a clear, comprehensive definition of liberation theology. I strongly believe that this work is a significant contribution to academia in the historical, political, theological and anthropological fields. Liberation theology is too often regarded as marginal in studies of Latin America. I approach the subject with an open-mind and with the goal making sense of something that is simultaneously grass-roots and sophisticated political ideology. It is best to view liberation theology in a holistic perspective; although is a distinct movement it is also the result of an entire resuscitation of world history. Liberation theology truly serves as the intersection of religion and politics in Latin America.
Subject	Liberation theology Latin America -- Politics and government -- 1980- Catholic Church -- Latin America -- History -- 20th century Latin America -- Politics and government -- 1948-1980
Department	Department of Modern Languages
Advisor	Uribe, Lilian
Type	Text
Digital Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
OCLC number	39977879
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