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A watershed-based, water-quality study of the Lieutenant River in central costal Connecticut / Mary Ann Costa

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Identifier	Thesis 1487
Author	Costa, Mary Ann
Title	A watershed-based, water-quality study of the Lieutenant River in central costal Connecticut / Mary Ann Costa
Publisher	Central Connecticut State University
Date	1998
Resource Type	Master's Thesis
Notes	Water quality has become an important environmental issue as population growth and an expanded economy have caused increased degradation of many waterbodies. As a consequence of this degradation, stream characteristics are altered, habitats are lost, the number of species and diversity of aquatic life decreases, and economic productivity, public health, and recreation are affected. Pollutants can originate from point sources, i.e., direct discharge from pipes, or non-point sources, i.e., waste that reaches water by direct or indirect discharge in a diffuse manner. Nonpoint sources are now more of a concern than point sources because legislation such as the Federal Water Pollution Act of 1972 and the Clean Water Act have targeted point sources by requiring the issuing of permits to industries and sewage treatment plants. The Environmental Protection Agency supports water protection programs that take into account activities occurring throughout watersheds, and the Watershed Protection Approach promotes solutions that address surface water, ground water, and habitat concerns on a watershed basis. Section 319 of the 1987 Clean Water Act was developed to control nonpoint source pollution. This study is a watershed-based assessment of water quality of the Lieutenant River Watershed which is located in East Lyme, Lyme, and Old Lyme, Connecticut. The Lieutenant Watershed includes predominantly rural to suburban land use with some commercial development and associated impervious surfaces. Water quality monitoring began in May 1996 and continued through February 1997. The assessment included measurement of significant physical, chemical, and microbial water quality parameters, and stream flow for eight sites throughout the watershed. Land use has been quantified using the geographic information systems, ArcInfo and ArcView, in order to delineate land use patterns that may contribute to nonpoint source pollution. Results indicated that throughout the Lieutenant River Watershed, bacterial indicators were generally higher than Connecticut water quality criteria during warmer months. In areas that are highly residential, this could indicate a problem with individual septic disposal systems. High enterococcal counts could also be caused by large populations of geese that are common in Old Lyme. Bacterial counts should be monitored more closely throughout the Lieutenant River Watershed. Dissolved oxygen concentrations generally exceeded 5 mg/l throughout the study except for site LR7, and pH was basically within the water quality standards for saline or freshwaters except for the tributary site LR7. At site LR7 pH was usually less than 6 mg/l, and this was probably caused by a beaver dam that was located directly upstream from the sampling site. The beaver dam contributed to slow flow and, consequently, an abundance of organic material settled in the area where samples were taken, dissolved oxygen concentrations were low, and pH was low. For comparison with current data, water quality guidelines for nitrate and total phosphorus have been incorporated into Vermont's Water Quality Standards in 1991. Nitrate-N did not exceed Vermont water quality guidelines at any sites throughout the watershed, but nitrate concentrations were highest for the tidal sites. This was not expected, and it is recommended that nitrogen concentrations be monitored more closely for the Lieutenant River. Total phosphorus concentration were greater than Vermont water quality guidelines for all Lieutenant River Watershed sites. More studies should be done and monitoring should continue regarding phosphorus concentrations, especially for Rogers Lake, which showed characteristics of eutrophication. The Lieutenant River is classified as a Class SB river for the tidal portion, and the upstream freshwater portion is classified as Class A. To prevent deterioration of the Lieutenant River, best management practices for nonpoint source pollution should be considered.
Subject	Groundwater -- Connecticut -- Lieutenant River Watershed Water quality -- Connecticut
Department	Department of Biological Sciences
Advisor	Penniman, Clayton A.
Type	Text
Digital Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
OCLC number	40227801
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