Geographic variation in phenotypic traits among conspecific populations is well documented. Some studies have revealed that prey species may be induced to develop a defensive morphology when exposed to a specific predator. Interestingly, few...
Hermit crabs are marine crustaceans that must inhabit empty gastropod shells for shelter and protection from predation, desiccation and osmotic stress. In New England, the hermit crab (Pagurus longicarpus) commonly occupies two different types of...
Abstract Organisms employ inducible defenses to prevent predation. This occurs when the organism recognizes an environmental cue that leads to the expression of the defensive trait. In marine systems this cue is often chemical in nature. Several...
Competition has been demonstrated to be a major factor in the distribution and abundance of adult marine invertebrates. Although most marine invertebrates have complex life cycles that include larval stages, studies of interspecific competition...
